Strumenti per la memoria, per l’interpretazione e per l’attenuazione delle emozioni. I paratesti nei libri di lettere a stampa del Cinquecento

Le funzioni delle raccolte epistolari del XVI e XVII secolo emergono non solo attraverso l\u2019analisi dei testi e delle loro migrazioni da un\u2019edizione all\u2019altra ma anche attraverso l\u2019analisi degli interventi paratestuali (indici, sintesi delle lettere, rimandi a stampa nei margini). Soffermandosi su alcuni esempi, quali le Lettere di principi a cura di Girolamo Ruscelli (1562), la raccolta delle lettere di Bernardo Tasso (II vol., 1560) o le Lettere volgari di diversi gentiluomini del Monferrato curata dal Guazzo (1566), il saggio analizza gli indici e i sommari di tali edizioni, mostrando come essi condizionino il rapporto del lettore con il testo, sia perch\ue9 ne danno gi\ue0 un\u2019interpretazione sia perch\ue9 anche graficamente (con l\u2019uso di pi\uf9 corpi di un carattere tipografico) segnano all\u2019interno della pagina una frattura visiva, uno spazio in cui il lettore esercita specifiche forme di fruizione e di memorizzazione del testo stesso. Le scelte editoriali, e in particolare quelle paratestuali, assai significative, trasformano infatti le antologie epistolari in modo decisivo, sino ad alterare in parte il senso della singola epistola (per esempio, attenuandone il tono drammatico) offrendo una nuova interpretazione del testo.Not only do the functions of 16th and 17th century epistolary collections emerge from the analysis of texts and their migration from an edition to the other, but also from the examination of paratextual interventions (summaries, synthesis of the letters, printed marginalia). Offering a few examples, such as Lettere di principi edited by Girolamo Ruscelli (1562), the collection of letters by Bernardo Tasso (II vol., 1560) or Lettere volgari di diversi gentiluomini del Monferrato edited by Stefano Guazzo (1566), the essay analyzes the indexes and summaries of these editions, showing to which extent they influence the interaction of the reader with the text, both because they already give an interpretation, and because even graphically (thanks to the use of several sizes of a font) they mark a visual fracture in the page, thus providing a space where the reader exercises specific forms of fruition and memorisation of the text itself. The editorial choices, and particularly the extremely meaningful paratextual ones, profoundly transform the epistolary anthologies, to the extent of partially altering the sense of the single epistle (for example, mitigating the dramatic tone) and offering a new interpretation of the text

Romanzi da leggere e da dimenticare: un’anomalia italiana del Settecento

This essay brings together recent literary critical studies on the eighteenth- century Italian novel with those on book history and on reading. What lay behind the distrust of the novel as a genre, impeding its development and its diffusion in Italy? Church censorship was not the sole reason for the difficulties the Italian novel faced in its emegence as a genre. The problems are a good deal more complex. It was not only the censors and the clergy who took a negative view of novels; writers themselves who had developed within the parameters of official culture failed to identify with the new form, one, moreover, which was intended to entertain. Literary historical studies in the last two decades enable book historians to connect this work on the texts of the novels with the cultural context in which certain printers and booksellers invested in a publishing genre which, despite the difficulties it faced, managed to create a significant market over the course of the eighteenth century, with numerous editions and counterfeit editions, above all of works by the two most celebrated authors of the time, Pietro Chiari and Antonio Piazza. Yet in order to create this market for the novel, publisher-booksellers in Italy were obliged to adopt complex promotional strategies, from pretending that these works were translations of successful French or English novels to penning elaborate introductions for readers in which they tried to reassure the detractors of the genre (conservative men of letters and eccclesiastical censors). An example is the Venetian printer Angelo Pasinelli, who in an Avviso al lettore prefixed to the edition of L\u2019uomo o sia memorie, ed avventure del co, Di Senneval asserts that novels are merely a \u201cpleasurable pastime\u201d and are soon forgotten, leaving the mind free for more serious reading. They therefore present no danger to readers

Successful resuscitation of an elderly man with deep accidental hypothermia using portable extracorporeal circulation in the emergency department: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Deep accidental hypothermia (body temperature below 28°C) is rare and has a high mortality rate. Successful resuscitation usually occurs in the young, but a prompt intervention using a portable extracorporeal cardiopulmonary circulation device can also provide a good outcome for older persons.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the successful resuscitation of an 82-year-old male from deep accidental hypothermia using portable extracorporeal circulation in the emergency department.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This successful resuscitation of an 82-year-old patient demonstrates that a prompt intervention by a medical team that trains together, using a mobile cardiopulmonary bypass device via a percutaneous approach, can potentially provide good outcomes for all victims of deep accidental hypothermia, both in the operating suites and the emergency department.</p

Electrodeposition of Mo/MoOx on Copper Substrate from Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solutions

Molybdenum (Mo) is a refractory metal used principally as an alloying agent in steels, cast irons, and super alloys to enhance hardness, strength, toughness, wear and corrosion resistance and it is also widely used in catalytic applications, lubricants and pigments. The single electrodeposition of Mo from aqueous solutions cannot be achieved but Mo it can be co-deposited as an alloy with iron group metals (induced co-deposition). In this study, the electrodeposition of Mo/MoOx from dimethyl sulfoxide solutions on a copper substrate has been investigated. Different experimental electrodeposition parameters have been assessed (i.e., supporting electrolyte concentration and small amounts of water to the electrolytic bath) to analyze their influence on mechanism of induced Mo/MoOx deposition. Linear scan voltammetry has been used to follow up the electrodeposition of Mo/MoOx films. Film morphology has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compositional analysis was performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Mo bearing films were also chemically characterized by ICP-OES analysis. An electrodeposition mechanism was developed and discussed

Cross-Frequency Integration for Consonant and Vowel Identification in Bimodal Hearing

Purpose: Improved speech recognition in binaurally combined acoustic–electric stimulation (otherwise known as bimodal hearing) could arise when listeners integrate speech cues from the acoustic and electric hearing. The aims of this study were (a) to identify speech cues extracted in electric hearing and residual acoustic hearing in the low-frequency region and (b) to investigate cochlear implant (CI) users' ability to integrate speech cues across frequencies. Method: Normal-hearing (NH) and CI subjects participated in consonant and vowel identification tasks. Each subject was tested in 3 listening conditions: CI alone (vocoder speech for NH), hearing aid (HA) alone (low-pass filtered speech for NH), and both. Integration ability for each subject was evaluated using a model of optimal integration—the PreLabeling integration model (Braida, 1991). Results: Only a few CI listeners demonstrated bimodal benefit for phoneme identification in quiet. Speech cues extracted from the CI and the HA were highly redundant for consonants but were complementary for vowels. CI listeners also exhibited reduced integration ability for both consonant and vowel identification compared with their NH counterparts. Conclusion: These findings suggest that reduced bimodal benefits in CI listeners are due to insufficient complementary speech cues across ears, a decrease in integration ability, or both.National Organization for Hearing ResearchNational Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (U.S.) (Grant R03 DC009684-01)National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (U.S.) (Grant R01 DC007152-02

Two-microphone spatial filtering provides speech reception benefits for cochlear implant users in difficult acoustic environments

This article introduces and provides an assessment of a spatial-filtering algorithm based on two closely-spaced (∼1 cm) microphones in a behind-the-ear shell. The evaluated spatial-filtering algorithm used fast (∼10 ms) temporal-spectral analysis to determine the location of incoming sounds and to enhance sounds arriving from straight ahead of the listener. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured for eight cochlear implant (CI) users using consonant and vowel materials under three processing conditions: An omni-directional response, a dipole-directional response, and the spatial-filtering algorithm. The background noise condition used three simultaneous time-reversed speech signals as interferers located at 90°, 180°, and 270°. Results indicated that the spatial-filtering algorithm can provide speech reception benefits of 5.8 to 10.7 dB SRT compared to an omni-directional response in a reverberant room with multiple noise sources. Given the observed SRT benefits, coupled with an efficient design, the proposed algorithm is promising as a CI noise-reduction solution.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R01 DC 000117)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R01 DC DC7152)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 2R44DC010524-02

Communications Biophysics

Contains research objectives and summary of research.National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 PO1 GM14940-07)National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 RO1 NS11000-01)Clarence J. LeBel FundNational Institutes of Health (Grant 1 RO1 NS10737-01)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGL 22-009-304)Boston City Hospital Purchase Order 1176-21335B-D Electrodyne Division, Becton Dickinson and Company (Grant)Chicago Musical Instrument Company (Grant

Communications Biophysics

COntains reports on six research projects.National Institutes of Health (Grant 2 P01 MH-04737-06)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 ROl NB-05462-02)Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DA 36-039-AMC-03200(E)National Science Foundation (Grant GK-835)National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NsG-496

LSD1 modulates stress-evoked transcription of immediate early genes and emotional behavior

Behavioral changes in response to stressful stimuli can be controlled via adaptive epigenetic changes in neuronal gene expression. Here we indicate a role for the transcriptional corepressor Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) and its dominant-negative splicing isoform neuroLSD1, in the modulation of emotional behavior. In mouse hippocampus, we show that LSD1 and neuroLSD1 can interact with transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) and set the chromatin state of SRF-targeted genes early growth response 1 (egr1) and c-fos. Deletion or reduction of neuroLSD1 in mutant mice translates into decreased levels of activating histone marks at egr1 and c-fos promoters, dampening their psychosocial stress-induced transcription and resulting in low anxiety-like behavior. Administration of suberoylanilide hydroxamine to neuroLSD1(KO) mice reactivates egr1 and c-fos transcription and restores the behavioral phenotype. These findings indicate that LSD1 is a molecular transducer of stressful stimuli as well as a stress-response modifier. Indeed, LSD1 expression itself is increased acutely at both the transcriptional and splicing levels by psychosocial stress, suggesting that LSD1 is involved in the adaptive response to stress